It’s hard to know what they were like because they were soft-bodied animals and didn’t leave a direct fossil record. “The most recent common ancestor of all animals probably lived 600 or 700 million years ago. This tulip sponge in the genus Hyalonema was photographed in 2009 by MBARI’s ROV Doc Ricketts in the outer Monterey Fan at a depth of approximately 3,500 meters. Nevertheless, evolutionary biologists believe that these groups still share characteristics with the earliest animals, and that studying these early branches of the animal tree of life can shed light on how animals arose and evolved to the diversity of species we see around us today. Sponges were next, followed by the diversification of all other animals, including the lineage leading to humans.Īlthough the researchers determined that the ctenophore lineage branched off before sponges, both groups of animals have continued to evolve from their common ancestor. , researchers use a novel approach based on chromosome structure to come up with a definitive answer: Comb jellies, or ctenophores (teen’-a-fores), were the first lineage to branch off from the animal tree. In a new study published this week in the journal Searching among today’s most primitive-looking animals for the earliest branch of the animal tree of life, scientists gradually narrowed the possibilities down to two groups: sponges, which spend their entire adult lives in one spot, filtering food from seawater and comb jellies, voracious predators that oar their way through the world’s oceans in search of food. (Photos courtesy of MBARI)įor more than a century, biologists have wondered what the earliest animals were like when they first arose in the ancient oceans over half a billion years ago. A detailed comparison of the chromosomes of these and other animals to the chromosomes of three single-celled non-animal groups finally resolves the question. ![]() Scientists have long debated whether comb jellies (left) or sponges (right) are the sister group to all other animals.
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